Luminescence Tracking and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of TiO2 and Europium Doped TiO2 Nanocrystals during Drosophila Development

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in industry and commercial products. Thus, their potential risks to the environment human health must be evaluated. Doping NPs with certain ions makes it possible mix properties or generate new ones. order track TiO2 biological assays, doping europium (Eu3+) was performed, which luminesce red. Here, we synthesized Eu3+-doped nanocrystals (NCs) anatase phase verify toxicity at different concentrations Drosophila melanogaster distribution of these NCs vivo. We verified that incorporation improved biocompatibility relation pure samples. The presence gut, brain, fat body larvae intestinal cells adult animals detected. caused significant larval pupal mortality rates, addition leading formation reactive species, especially high concentrations. Therefore, our data demonstrated trace NCs, but were toxic fruit flies tested concentrations, should caution minimize risks.